Urinary tract inflammation is a common problem not just among women;Half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less frequently due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased urinary frequency and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, impurities in the urine.Therapy involves the use of antimicrobial medications and various procedures.
What is cystitis
A bacterial infection leads to bladder inflammation.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female, therefore cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.At an older age, the risk of the disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other diseases, such as urethral strictures, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger, and this is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal medications.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection of the urethra, vagina, anus, while in men it spreads through the urethra, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems that lead to narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Blockage of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall), prostate adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate a man's bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococci, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis),Klebsiella, Listeria or coliform bacteria.
The infection may also be descending in nature if it is caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis may be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor diet and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, flu, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors that contribute to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If an inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning sensation when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by increased urinary frequency, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur, it is necessary to consult a urologist as soon as possible.The frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while a very small amount of liquid can come out during a trip to the bathroom and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may need to strain to begin urinating.Painful, burning or stinging sensations also occur, which are especially strong at the beginning and final phase of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men are complemented by high body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
In the hemorrhagic and gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.There may be blood and mucus in it, and a strong, unpleasant smell of rot appears.The urine volume is reduced to 400 ml per day.The symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease presents periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a continuously stable or wavy course.So, the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increased number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in urine above normal);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations that indicate the acute phase are the following:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative impulses;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, decreased ability to work;
- pain, burning and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- turbid color of urine, putrid odor of secretion, presence of cutting impurities and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent bladder inflammation, it is important to prevent cystitis in men.If, however, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appeared, you need to consult a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist takes a complete history and conducts tests.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following are recommended as general therapies:
- Bed rest in the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of liquids (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet with the absence of acidic, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After identifying the pathogen, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.Medicines are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, lingonberry leaf) will be useful for this disease.These medications have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit juice will be beneficial;Tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.These medications reduce the concentration of the antibiotic and can be used after the end of treatment.
- Antispasmodic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can cause cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.These medicines help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in treating the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore the intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy for these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder washing.In some cases, this procedure is recommended with the use of antiseptics;the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, to accelerate the body's recovery and resorption, ultrasound, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis procedures are used.